What's the deal with Ramadan?

Dear Reader,

With Ramadan 2013 coming to a close, and since I haven't written a decent blog post in a shamefully long while now, I thought I'd answer a question I've been asked a few time and explain what Ramadan is all about. This can be helpful especially if you, dear reader, are not a Muslim.

Ramadan is the name of the 9th month in the Islamic Calendar and it was during this month, almost 1450 years ago, that the Qur'an was first revealed to Prophet Mohammed (peace be upon him). That is why Ramadan is a sacred month and is also known as the month of the Qur'an. So, as a way of celebration, in this month Muslims try to read as much of the Qur'an as possible, as well as fasting from dawn to dusk for 29/30 days. This means we are not supposed to eat or drink anything, not even water, and abstain from sexual interactions, during the daylight hours (no drugs or smoking either). This is known as the physical fast. 

The second level of fasting is the mental fast where we should: 

1. restrain our tongues from gossiping, lying and using foul language, 
2. guard our eyes and ears from seeing/watching and hearing/listening to inappropriate and obscene things,
3. restrain our feet and hands from committing sin (e.g. hitting someone) 
4. and most importantly preventing yourself from getting angry. 

There is also the spiritual fast which is the highest level of fasting, in which we try and detach ourselves from the material world. This involves not just performing acts of charity, truly forgiving those who have previously wronged you, abstaining from unworthy and materialistic thoughts, desires and wishes, but also includes spending time in the remembrance of God, reading the Qur'an and contemplating the perfection of His Oneness (Tawhid). 

If performed correctly and with good intentions, the three levels of fasting should help us Muslims develop our God Conciousness (Taqwa), i.e. being aware that God is everywhere, watching us always, nothing is hidden from Him, everything that happens is by His Will and that one day we will all return to Him and be judged by Him.

The purpose of fasting during Ramadan is made clear in the second Chapter (Surah) of the Qur'an:

The month of Ramadan (is that) in which was revealed the Qur'an, a guidance for the people and clear proofs of guidance and criterion. So whoever sights (the new moon of) the month, let him fast it; and whoever is ill  or on a journey - then an equal number of other days. Allah intends for you ease and does not intend for you hardship and (wants) for you to complete the period, and glorify Allah (Takbir) for that to which He has guided you; and perhaps you will be grateful. [2:185] 

There are many things that can be taken away from this verse (Ayat) but I want to focus on the last three:

1. Glorify Allah: thus the first purpose of fasting in this month is to spend time in the glorification and remembrance of Allah, which is called Dhikr or Tasbeeh and is an essential part of the spiritual fast.  
2. He has Guided you: the second purpose is to celebrate and recite the guidance that Allah has given us; the Noble Qur'an.  
3. be Grateful: and finally giving Allah His due gratitude for all that He has given us. Going without food and water provides us with a glimpse into what life must be like for the homeless and hungry poor. There are no words to describe the relief and appreciation I have felt for a sip of water after a long hot day of fasting. This sort of experience drives action to encourage self-less charity and help those less fortunate. But, as a reminder to me before anyone else, the words used in the ayat: "perhaps you will be grateful" suggest that despite all that I've said above, gratitude towards Allah for His innumerable blessings is often forgotten and because of this I believe that this final purpose is the most important. Alhumdulillah. 

May God forgive me for any omissions or mistakes in my explanation.

Nida        

Ramadan Reveries: Part 3 - Patience

Dear Reader,

Seeing as it's Friday (Jummah), and it's recommended to read Surah Kahf every Friday, I thought I'd share one of my favourite stories from this Surah: a story from the life of Prophet Moses (AS). It's rather long and spans 22 ayat [18:60-82] so I'm just going to give you an abbreviated version, with a bit of background. 

Prophet Moses was raised as a prince in the Pharaoh's household, so he was physically very strong, but he also was a bit hot-tempered and was used to having his way. In his youth he had even killed an Egyptian man, accidentally of course, and with a single punch at that. So after he had Prophethood bestowed upon him, Allah (swt) sent him on a journey to seek wisdom from a man that Allah had gifted with much knowledge. On this journey Moses (AS) took with him one companion, a servant boy, and some salted fish. Allah (swt) told him that when they reach the junction of two seas, will be where they would find the wise man (Al-Khidhr). 

It was a long and arduous journey in the heat and deserts of the middle-east, but Prophet Moses (AS) did not give up and persisted on carrying on walking. One morning, after they had travelled very far, Moses (AS) said to his companion, "bring my some of that fish to eat." The boy, looking rather anguished, replied "Satan must have made me forget, but a little while back, while you were taking a nap by the rock, the fish amazing came back to life, leapt out of the bag and swam away into the sea."

The Prophet Moses (AS) smiled at him and began to back-track, saying "That is a sign from Allah, and exactly what we have been seeking." And it was at the junction of the two seas that they found Al-Khidhr. (Aside: his name actually means 'The Green one', make of that what you will.) Moses (AS) respectfully asked him "May I follow you and be your student, so that you may teach me about good judgement?" He replied "Indeed, you will not have patience with me. And how can you have patience about something you do not know?"

A children's book that also tells this story,
by Saniyasnain Khan 

"InshAllah, you will find me patient. And I will not dis obey your orders." So Al-Khidhr finally gave in to Moses' (AS) request and said "Okay, you may follow me. But do not question me or what I do, until I decide to give you an explanation." And so, they set out on a journey and soon came upon a little village by the river, whose sole source of income came from a boat they used to ferry people and goods across. Al-Khidhr and Moses (AS) embarked upon this boat, but when they were half-way across the river, Al-Khidhr damaged the boat. 


Moses (AS) exclaimed in surprise "Do you want these people to drown, they who have been so good to us? You have certainly committed an awful deed." To which Al-Khidhr only replied "Did I not say that you will not have patience with me?"  "Oh, I'm sorry," Moses (AS) repented, "I forgot. Please, do not make this difficult for me?"

Soon after, they disembarked from the boat and travelled a little further, where they came upon a group of children playing. Al-Khidhr went up to one of the older boys and killed him. Now this was an area with which Prophet Moses was particularly sensitive. Having accidentally killed someone himself, he knew of the dire consequences and feelings of guilt. So when he witnessed what Al-Khidhr did, he replied to him in anger "How can you do such a thing? He was just an innocent child! Truly, you have commited an awful crime."

All Al-Khidhr said was "Did I not tell you that you will never have patience with me?" Thoroughly chastised, Moses (AS) said "If I question you again, you should not keep me as your companion. I have given you my excuse." So they set out once more, travelling, until they came to a village that was rather hostile, and refused to provide them with food or shelter. But as they were leaving the village, they came across a wall that was crumbling and immediately Al-Khidhr began to rebuild it. Moses (AS), thinking that he had learnt his lesson, quietly help him with the repairs. When all was done, Al-Khidhr began to leave again and Moses (AS) couldn't help asking "Will you not take payment from them? Especially after they were so inhospitable to us?" 

"Moses," said Al-Khidhr calmly, "this is where we part ways. But before you leave, I will tell you the meaning behind those deed with which you could not have patience. Firstly, the damages that I made to the boat could easily be repaired, but the place where that boat was heading was ruled by tyrant King, who would have taken possession of the boat, had he found it in an immaculate condition. My deed was the lesser of two evils.

"As for that boy. His parents are good, righteous people and he would have caused them much trouble and heartache if he had grown to maturity. Now, in their grief, they will turn to Allah and He will bless them with another child, who will be purer and better for them. Finally, the wall we repaired belonged to two orphan boys. Beneath the wall, their father had hidden treasure for them. Had the wall crumbled, the treasure would have wrongly been taken by other people of the village. Now the two boys will find it when they are much older and will be able to use the treasure more wisely. And these are the things, with which you could not have patience."      
                   

And along with Moses (AS) we are also taught the lesson of patience. In addition to that, we  learn not to question why terrible things happen. In each of the three scenarios, something that seemed horrible/evil/useless on it's outset, had hidden benefits that would come to light later on, the knowledge of which Allah (swt) had given to Al-khidhr. So next time something bad happens to us, we should not breakdown in fits of rage or depression, but approach it with calm patience. Because it is sent from Allah (swt) and within every trial/hardship/calamity there is a blessing for us, which we cannot see in that moment but that Allah azza wajal knows about. "For indeed, with every hardship comes ease" [94:5].   

Plus, it's true what they used to say: "patience is a virtue." This becomes ever more important in these modern times when the entire world is just a click away. We see our patience and tolerance slowly deteriorating with each passing year: e.g. if the internet isn't loading, we refresh the page a million times. If we don't get the answers we're looking for immediately, we easily become frustrated and angry. If the queue at the shop counter is too long, we search for easier and quicker ways to get things done. If it become just slightly to hot, our immediate reaction is to turn on the fan or remove our clothes. If that elderly gentleman whose short of hearing, cannot understand what we're saying, our manner becomes loud and offensive. In this capitalist society, where "time is money", we no longer have time to be patient.

Allah (swt) knows all this. He foresaw that human nature is prone to impatience. That's why patience is something that is so often and continuously mentioned in the Qur'an. One of the reasons why we should read Surah Kahf ever Jummah is so that, once a week, we are reminding ourselves to be patient with whatever trials and calamities Allah (swt), in all His Wisdom, puts in our path. I've also written about patience before in this post, so check it out if you want to know more about the Qur'an.

May Allah (swt) bless us all with patience in our everyday life, strengthen our imaan with patience so that we may overcome every trial in this life, and reward our patience in the Hereafter. Ameen.

Nida